Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building by Beals Lyon Arquitectos

In the bustling city of Santiago, Chile, stands a remarkable architectural masterpiece, the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building. Designed by the esteemed architectural firm, Beals Lyon Arquitectos, this awe-inspiring structure has become a symbol of modernity and innovation in urban design. As an aspiring architectural journalist with a deep passion for architectural marvels, I am grateful for the privilege of delving into the depths of this remarkable project.

Throughout this case study, the focus will be on the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building, showcasing the ingenious work of Beals Lyon Arquitectos in designing a structure that goes beyond mere functionality. This architectural marvel stands as an embodiment of the firm’s vision and its commitment to creating spaces that harmoniously blend aesthetics, functionality, and cultural context. Through this case study, I aim to unravel the social and political significance of this royal heritage, both in its era of construction and in modern times, as an iconic tourist destination and a symbol of cultural heritage. This tale takes us on a captivating journey back in time, exploring the architectural style that defined its creation and the historical importance it holds in the fabric of urban life.

AN ODE TO HERITAGE
The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building is more than just a physical structure; it is an ode to the rich and royal heritage that is deeply woven into the fabric of its existence. In the era it was built, it held immense social and political importance, serving as a prominent hub for the local community (Pedro 2021). Its significance resonates even today as it stands as a symbol of cultural heritage, attracting numerous tourists who seek to explore and experience the grandeur of the past (Pedro 2021).

To truly appreciate the significance of the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building, we must understand the context in which it was conceptualised. Santiago, with its rich history dating back centuries, posed a unique challenge to the architects. The city’s intricate network of historical buildings, vibrant culture, and a strong sense of community had to be taken into account to ensure the project’s success.

In the bustling historic centre of Santiago, Chile, the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building stands as a magnificent ode to the country’s rich heritage. The area surrounding Plaza de Armas and Santiago Cathedral is steeped in history, dating back to colonial times when Spanish conquerors meticulously planned orthogonal grids to create new settlements on the continent (Pedro 2021).This district has been a witness to significant historical events and a center for social and cultural gatherings for centuries (Pedro 2021)..

Chile, like many Latin American countries, bears the legacy of a complex history shaped by colonialism and political turbulence (Pedro 2021). The station’s location in Santiago’s city centre, surrounded by significant institutional buildings such as the former Congress, the Museum of Pre-Columbian Art, and the city hall, makes it a critical link to the country’s political and cultural narrative (Pedro 2021).

The metro system in Santiago plays a pivotal role in connecting segregated areas and fostering social integration in a city marked by high levels of inequality. The Plaza de Armas Metro Station, positioned in the heart of the historical centre, exemplifies the metro’s significance beyond its functional purpose. It symbolises the meeting of different parts of the city and acts as a powerful agent of social transformation and cohesion (Pedro 2021).

As the protests erupted in October 2019, as asserted by Pedro 2021, demanding an end to the neoliberal economic model introduced during the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship, the metro system found itself at the core of the conflict. Around twenty stations in Santiago were severely damaged during the unrest, making the inauguration of the Plaza de Armas Metro Station just weeks prior a poignant moment in the city’s history.

The unrest and social upheaval in Santiago prompted a much-needed conversation about the role of public spaces and architecture in facilitating social change and understanding. The Plaza de Armas Metro Station, with its grand vaulted hall and monumental presence, became more than just a transportation hub; it became a symbolic representation of the city’s identity and the resilience of its people.

UNRAVELLING ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building by Beals Lyon Arquitectos presents a unique and captivating architectural style that reflects the historical context of Santiago while embracing contemporary design principles.

The architects envisioned the station as a “memorable space” (Pedro 2021) and this vision is beautifully translated into the rhythmic sequence of vaults that define the interior. The choice of vaulted ceilings not only adds structural stability but also creates an awe-inspiring atmosphere reminiscent of ancient cathedrals and crypts. The proportions of the vaulted hall add to the effect of a subterranean condition, drawing on the spatial qualities of the underground metro tracks, which lie six storeys below. This interplay between the subterranean and the terrestrial is intentional, allowing visitors to experience the history and mood of the underground while remaining at street level.

The architectural expression of the station lies within the use of bare reinforced concrete. This choice is not only pragmatic but also speaks to the permanence and durability required to withstand Chile’s recurrent earthquakes. In a country that experiences seismic activity, the architectural design must prioritise safety and longevity. By anchoring all architectural expression to the structural system, Beals Lyon Arquitectos ensures that the Plaza de Armas Metro Station will stand the test of time while preserving its design integrity.

The cadenced system of interspersed arches, formed by alternating widths of vaults (3.6 meters and 7.2 meters) (Pedro 2021), showcases the architects’ skilful handling of form and space. Each vault is composed of smaller double-curved formwork modules meticulously designed to achieve the desired spatial effect. Moreover, areas of the structure with lower degrees of stress are infilled with big polystyrene spheres to reduce mass (Pedro 2021). This innovative approach further emphasises the lightness and grace of the design, challenging the notion that structural elements must be heavy and imposing.

Beyond the technical aspects, the architectural style of the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building exemplifies a harmonious dialogue between contemporary design and historical context. The design embodies the architects’ respect for the city’s heritage regulations, which mandate that buildings in this part of Santiago adhere to the height of the surrounding blocks to preserve the urban fabric’s continuity.

The station’s vaulted hall serves as an arched plinth for the office building above, creating a seamless transition between the robust and monolithic lower levels and the more delicate and light upper floors. The facade of the office building, made of a light concrete grid, glass, and alabaster, exemplifies the architects’ ingenuity in responding to regulations while still achieving their design vision.

One notable element of the design is the use of alabaster in response to regulations limiting the amount of glass in the façade (Pedro 2021). This measure was taken to preserve the “solid” character of historical buildings, reflecting a conscious effort to learn from past architectural experiences. The alabaster-clad facade not only complies with the regulations but also bathes the office space in a soft and diffused light, enhancing the interior environment.

The station’s design is a masterful blend of contrasting elements that adds depth and character to the architectural style. The porous plinth, characterised by sculptural rough concrete, stands firm against the city’s heavy use and traffic while providing a stable base for the elegant and delicate office building facade above. This juxtaposition of contrasting textures and materials is not only aesthetically pleasing but also serves practical purposes, underscoring the architects’ attention to both form and function.

The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building serves as a living example of how architectural design can tell a story and respond to its context. By drawing inspiration from historical cues while embracing contemporary solutions, Beals Lyon Arquitectos has created a unique and harmonious architectural style that pays homage to Santiago’s rich heritage while becoming a symbol of the city’s progressive vision for the future.

IMPACT ON THE URBAN FABRIC
The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building by Beals Lyon Arquitectos has made a significant impact on the urban fabric of Santiago, Chile’s capital city. As a vital transportation hub situated in the historical centre, the station not only serves as a crucial node for the metro system but also acts as a catalyst for social, cultural, and economic activities in the surrounding area.

The historic centre of Santiago, with its colonial architecture and rich cultural heritage, is a vibrant and dynamic urban environment. However, like many cities, Santiago has faced challenges in balancing the preservation of its historical identity with the demands of modern urban life. The Plaza de Armas Metro Station exemplifies how thoughtful architectural design can harmoniously integrate new structures into the existing urban fabric while preserving the historical essence of the area.

One of the most notable impacts of the station on the urban fabric is its role as a connector. Santiago is a city marked by socio-economic segregation, and the metro system plays a crucial role in bridging the divide between different neighborhoods and communities. The Plaza de Armas Metro Station, situated in the heart of the historical centre, serves as a gateway between various parts of the city, making it more accessible and interconnected. By facilitating the movement of people from different backgrounds, the station becomes an agent of social integration, fostering a sense of unity and shared identity among the city’s residents.

The station’s design also exemplifies a sensitive approach to heritage preservation and urban continuity. Compliance with the city’s heritage regulations was a key consideration in the architectural design, ensuring that the building’s height and massing respected the surrounding blocks. By doing so, Beals Lyon Arquitectos successfully preserved the visual coherence of the historical centre, maintaining the rhythm and scale of the existing built environment (Pedro 2021). The station’s vaulted hall, with its monumental presence, acts as an arched plinth for the office building above, further blending old and new elements seamlessly.

Moreover, the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building serves as a public space that seamlessly integrates with the historical fabric of the city. The station’s design envisioned a “memorable space” (Pedro 2021) and this ambition is realised through the rhythmic sequence of vaults and the evocative atmosphere they create. Visitors experience a sense of timelessness and continuity as they navigate the station, connecting with the historical narratives of the past while embracing the energy of the present.

The impact of the Plaza de Armas Metro Station on the urban fabric extends beyond its architectural design and physical presence. It has become a symbol of resilience and social transformation during a time of political and social unrest in Santiago. The station’s opening just before the protests erupted in 2019 underscores its relevance and importance as a space for public engagement and expression. It embodies the collective aspirations of the people for a more inclusive and equitable society.

Furthermore, the station’s integration of innovative materials and construction techniques sets an example for sustainable and resilient urban development. By using reinforced concrete as the primary material and incorporating polystyrene spheres to reduce mass, the architects demonstrate a commitment to designing structures that can withstand earthquakes while minimising environmental impact.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building by Beals Lyon Arquitectos holds immense historical significance as a testament to Santiago’s rich past and its ongoing evolution. Situated in the heart of the city’s historical center, the station stands as a living link between Santiago’s colonial heritage and its contemporary urban fabric.

Since colonial times, the area surrounding Plaza de Armas has been a focal point for urban development in Santiago (Pedro 2021). The orthogonal grid layout established by Spanish conquerors to create new settlements on the continent centred on this plaza, making it the foundation of the city’s urban fabric. Over the centuries, the area has witnessed significant historical events, from the establishment of Santiago as a colonial capital to the formation of Chile’s national identity (Pedro 2021).

The Plaza de Armas itself has served as a hub of political, cultural, and social activities, hosting ceremonies, festivals, and public gatherings throughout history (Pedro 2021). It has been a witness to political debates, revolutions, and cultural expressions that have shaped the course of the nation (Pedro 2021). The surrounding buildings, including the Santiago Cathedral, former Congress, and Museum of Pre-Columbian Art, further add to the area’s historical and cultural significance (Pedro 2021).

The station’s architectural design pays homage to historical architectural styles, drawing inspiration from the city’s built environment and blending traditional and contemporary elements. The rhythmic sequence of vaults, resembling the structure of ancient cathedrals, echoes the grandeur of Santiago’s historical landmarks while imbuing the interior with a sense of timelessness. This deliberate reference to the past underscores the station’s historical significance as a tribute to the city’s architectural legacy.

The historical significance of the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building extends beyond its physical form. It has become a space where the collective memory of the city converges, capturing the essence of Santiago’s past and present. The station’s design invites visitors to contemplate the intricate layers of history that have shaped the city, allowing them to experience the subterranean spatial condition while remaining connected to the vibrant life above ground.

REVIVAL AND PRESERVATION
The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building by Beals Lyon Arquitectos stands as a remarkable testament to the revival and preservation of Santiago’s historical heritage. As a significant addition to the city’s historical centre, the station exemplifies how thoughtful architectural interventions can breathe new life into existing urban spaces while safeguarding their cultural significance.

The historical centre of Santiago is a treasure trove of architectural heritage, reflecting the city’s rich colonial past and its evolution over centuries (Pedro 2021). However, like many historical urban areas, this district faced challenges of neglect, decay, and the encroachment of modern development. The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building’s design and execution demonstrate a conscientious approach to preserving and enhancing the historical fabric, ensuring that Santiago’s cultural heritage remains vibrant and relevant for future generations.

Revival of Historical Identity: The station’s architectural design serves as a powerful tool for the revival of Santiago’s historical identity. By referencing elements of ancient cathedrals and crypts, the vaulted ceiling and rhythmic sequence of arches establish a visual and emotional connection with the city’s architectural legacy. This revival of historical architectural styles contributes to a sense of continuity, fostering a deeper appreciation of Santiago’s past within the contemporary urban environment.

Preservation of Urban Continuity: In compliance with the city’s heritage regulations, the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building harmoniously integrates with the surrounding historical buildings, preserving the visual continuity of the urban fabric. The architects’ commitment to respecting the height and scale of neighbouring structures ensures that the station’s presence does not disrupt the historical rhythm of the area. By doing so, the station becomes an integral part of the urban tapestry, enhancing the sense of place and cultural significance of the neighbourhood.

Sustainable Urban Development: The station’s design approach embraces sustainable principles, which are crucial for preserving the historical center’s long-term viability. The use of reinforced concrete as the primary material, infilling areas with polystyrene spheres to reduce mass, and incorporating a light concrete grid and alabaster facade demonstrate an environmentally conscious approach. This sustainable design strategy aligns with Santiago’s commitment to responsible urban development, ensuring that the city’s historical resources are protected while accommodating the needs of a growing population.

Balancing Old and New: One of the most striking features of the Plaza de Armas Metro Station is the seamless blending of old and new architectural elements. The vaulted hall serves as an arched plinth for the office building above, creating a dialogue between traditional and contemporary design. This balance between the historical and the modern exemplifies the station’s capacity to celebrate the past while embracing the present, reinforcing Santiago’s identity as a city that treasures its heritage while looking toward the future.

Cultural Revitalization: The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building plays a significant role in the cultural revitalisation of the historical centre. By providing a memorable and inviting public space, the station becomes more than just a transportation hub; it becomes a destination in its own right. This attracts visitors and locals alike, encouraging a renewed interest in the city’s historical and cultural offerings. The station’s vaulted hall, with its evocative atmosphere, becomes a place for cultural events, exhibitions, and performances, enriching the urban experience and reinforcing the area’s identity as a vibrant cultural hub.

Community Engagement: Preserving historical heritage is not just about physical structures; it is also about fostering a sense of community engagement and ownership. The Plaza de Armas Metro Station, with its symbolic significance as a space of social integration and resilience, encourages public participation and pride in the city’s history. As residents and visitors alike interact with the station’s design and spatial qualities, they become active participants in preserving and perpetuating the city’s cultural legacy.

A BEACON OF CULTURE AND TOURISM
The Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building by Beals Lyon Arquitectos stands as a shining beacon of culture and tourism in Santiago, Chile. Situated in the heart of the city’s historical center, the station not only serves as a transportation hub but also emerges as a cultural landmark, attracting visitors from near and far.

Preserving Cultural Heritage: The station’s location within the historical centre of Santiago positions it amidst a wealth of cultural heritage. By integrating seamlessly with the surrounding historic fabric, the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building becomes an essential piece of Santiago’s cultural identity. Its design, inspired by elements reminiscent of ancient cathedrals and crypts, evokes a sense of history and continuity, capturing the essence of the city’s past. As a result, the station plays a vital role in preserving Santiago’s cultural heritage, serving as a testament to the city’s rich history and architectural legacy.

Cultural Events and Exhibitions: Beyond its practical function as a metro station, the vaulted hall of the Plaza de Armas Metro Station serves as a versatile and inviting space for cultural events and exhibitions. The memorable architectural setting offers a unique backdrop for art installations, performances, and public gatherings. The station’s role as a cultural venue fosters community engagement and draws both locals and tourists, creating a vibrant and dynamic atmosphere in the heart of Santiago’s historical centre.

Architectural Landmark: The Plaza de Armas Metro Station stands out as an architectural landmark that captures the imagination of visitors. Its innovative design, with rhythmic sequences of vaults and the interplay of light and shadow, leaves a lasting impression. The station’s architectural expression, where form and structure are inseparable, sets it apart from conventional metro stations, making it a visually striking and memorable destination.

Tourist Attraction: As an architectural marvel with a deep connection to Santiago’s history and culture, the Plaza de Armas Metro Station has become a significant tourist attraction in the city. Visitors are drawn to experience the subterranean spatial condition and witness the station’s remarkable blend of traditional and contemporary elements. The station’s proximity to other historical landmarks, such as the Santiago Cathedral and the former Congress, further enhances its appeal as part of a comprehensive cultural tour of the city.

Educational Value: The station offers not only aesthetic appeal but also educational value. Tourists and architecture enthusiasts can learn about the station’s design principles, construction techniques, and the architects’ thought process behind its creation. Additionally, the station’s integration of sustainable practices and compliance with heritage regulations can serve as a model for other urban development projects, contributing to broader discussions about the balance between preservation and progress.

Promoting Social Integration: The Plaza de Armas Metro Station plays a crucial role in promoting social integration within Santiago. As a public space that attracts people from different walks of life, it fosters a sense of community and connection. The station’s accessibility and central location make it a meeting point for locals and tourists alike, bridging the gaps between diverse groups and facilitating cultural exchange.

Economic Impact: The station’s cultural significance and tourist appeal contribute to the economic vitality of the area. Its prominence as a cultural landmark attracts tourists, leading to increased foot traffic and economic activity in nearby establishments. Local businesses, such as cafes, restaurants, and souvenir shops, benefit from the influx of visitors, creating a positive economic impact on the neighbourhood and the city as a whole.

In conclusion, the Plaza de Armas Metro Station Building by Beals Lyon Arquitectos stands as a testament to the transformative power of architecture in shaping the urban fabric and preserving cultural heritage. It serves as a compelling example of how architecture can transcend its utilitarian role and become a symbol of identity, a source of pride, and a catalyst for positive change in a city. The Plaza de Armas Metro Station has set a high standard, reminding us that architecture is not just about structures; it is about weaving stories, connecting communities, and shaping the very essence of a city’s soul.

References:

Alonso, P. I. (2021, April 1). Going underground: metro station in Santiago, Chile by Beals Lyon

Arquitectos. Transport. Retrieved from https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/transport/going-underground-metro-station-in-santiago-chile-by-beals-lyon-arquitectos

Beals Lyon Arquitectos. (n.d.). Going underground: metro station in Santiago, Chile by Beals

Lyon Arquitectos [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/transport/going-underground-metro-station-in-santiago-chile-by-beals-lyon-arquitectos